Security rules vary by country and airline, but most countries follow similar international aviation standards. Here are answers to the most common questions.
Most countries limit liquids, gels, and pastes in hand luggage to containers of 100ml (3.4oz) or less, all fitting in a single 1-litre clear resealable bag. This rule applies at security checkpoints, not onboard. The UK relaxed this in 2024 at some airports (up to 2 litres total using new CT scanners), and similar changes are rolling out in the EU.
Liquids include anything that can pour, spread, or squirt — water, shampoo, perfume, toothpaste, mascara, peanut butter, and even snow globes. Solid forms of toiletries (solid shampoo, bar soap) are not counted as liquids.
Yes. Prescription medication is exempt from the 100ml rule and can exceed the limit — carry it in original packaging with your name on it and bring a prescription or doctor's letter for controlled substances. Rules vary slightly by country; the US TSA is generally permissive, while some countries require more documentation.
Power banks must be in your carry-on, never checked baggage, due to lithium battery fire risk. Most airlines allow up to 100Wh (about 27,000mAh); 100–160Wh requires airline approval; above 160Wh is banned. Check the mAh rating on your device and convert (Wh = mAh ÷ 1000 × voltage).
You'll typically be asked to surrender the item or return it to your checked bag if time allows. For dangerous items (weapons, large knives), you may face further questioning. Security officers have discretion — carrying a multi-tool or scissors that are borderline might result in confiscation even if technically within limits.
Small scissors (blade under 6cm / 2.4 inches in most countries, 4 inches in the US) are permitted in carry-on bags. Larger scissors must go in checked luggage. Rounded-tip scissors are almost always allowed. See full scissors rules →
Most solid foods are allowed in carry-on baggage. Liquids and pastes (soups, jams, hummus) are subject to the 100ml rule. Fresh fruit and vegetables may be restricted at certain international borders due to agricultural biosecurity laws — especially into Australia, New Zealand, and the US.
Vapes and e-cigarettes must be in your carry-on, not checked baggage (lithium battery rule). You cannot use them onboard. The liquids/e-juice count toward your 100ml allowance if carried in the cabin.
One disposable or refillable lighter is allowed in your carry-on in most countries (including the US). Lighter fluid and torch/jet lighters are generally banned. Some countries ban all lighters in checked baggage.
They're the same thing — the bag you take into the aircraft cabin with you. "Hold luggage" or "checked baggage" refers to the bag that goes in the aircraft cargo hold, checked in at the airport counter.